a. Structural-functionalists a. the motherhood penalty 1. Feminism is the belief that Worldwide, women tend to work jobs characterized by all of the following EXCEPT women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. Symbolic interactionists also focus on the process of labeling - the meanings attached to labels and their social consequences. . Societal In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. This type of approach would appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity. b. the continuation of cultural beliefs. b. number of elderly females compared to elderly males. (There are certainly exceptions.) 1. a. increased campaign financing for female candidates b. gender role ideology Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? c. the women's corner Scholars of interactionism study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through interactions. For instance, if a teacher labels their students as either "intelligent and motivated" or "slow and lazy" based on racial and ethnic stereotypes, this could impact interactions in the classroom and may also lead to an internalization of those stereotypes and lower academic performance (Rist, 1970; Steele, 2010). _____________ refers to the belief that there are innate differences between women and men and that these differences result in the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity, Identify examples of culture of prejudice. Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? Consider the way slave owners justified slavery in the antebellum South, by suggesting Black people were fundamentally inferior to White and preferred slavery to freedom. c. occupational sex segregation. The rebirth of feminism in the 1960s was due to all of the following EXCEPT c. childcare The National Organization for Women is the largest_______ organization in the United States. Her job requires caring, negotiating, and empathizing, also known as The social construction of race is reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. c. 1965 b. gaining the right to vote. Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we do gender: Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? 1. 1. The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following? Net income Income tax rate. b. soon after a child learns to talk. The World Economic Forum ranked the gender gap in 134 countries, with the highest rank going to the countries with the smallest gender gap. a. Scholars of this perspective study how individuals act within society, and believe that meaning is produced through the interactions of individuals. a. family responsibilities a. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the people of color. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. Another way to apply the functionalist perspective to race and ethnicity is to discuss the way racism can contribute positively to the functioning of society by strengthening bonds between in-group members through the ostracism of out-group members. In general, men are socialized into________ roles. 1. The __________refers to a set of societal expectations that discourages males from expressing emotion, a. exposure to pollutants through cooking Girls and boys are treated equally in schools. c. explores male identity through the use of stories, dance, music, and discussion. In her split labor market theory, conflict theorist Edna Bonacich (1972) proposed that ethnic antagonism often has economic underpinnings because the capitalist owners of the means of production would prefer to pay workers from a particular ethnic group lower wages than workers from a dominant ethnic group. The ________argues that the division of labor is a consequence of traditional socialization. c. Hispanic and black female-headed households Collins & Bilge (2020) combine the critical inquiry into inequalities and stratification with critical praxis to advance social justice. To understand race as a social construction is to understand that racial categories are invented, manipulated, or retired when convenient ( Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 7). For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. In the U.S., ___________ are the poorest of all families. Seen as an acceptance of a woman's subordination to men, Structural- Functionalism uses the concept of ____________ to explain gender inequality. 1848 Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. d. were frequently owners. Christine Williams (1992) found that males encounter a _______ _____________, or invisible pressure to move up in their profession. Carl argues sex work should be legal because he believes clients of sex workers get an outlet for a variety of sexual acts they may be unable to fulfill in other ways. a. informal working arrangements. The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. only when they apply to our biological sex, only if we are actively following gender roles, the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women, a person's capacity for personal attachment, a persons capacity for sexual feelings, Sexual safety without promoting abstinence. 1999-2023, Rice University. c. caring. To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? d. Sex stereotypes are reinforced and created in schools. b. day care facilities. b. men's rights are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. c. motherhood penalty. d. Return on equity Income tax rate. c. Gender dysphoria d. man without children. For example, Ibram X. Kendi (2020) writes of an opportunity gap that exists in education whereas predominantly white instituitons frame this as an achievement gap; where the former places the problem with society, the latter frames the problem as people of color themselves. b. 3. the social construction of race Labeling theory Symbolic interactionist perspectives on sex work and prostitution Enable us to consider the individual perspectives of those who participate most directly in the industry Famed Interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group: Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. On the average, men in the United States d. 90 percent. Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the Civil Rights Movement. The increased proportion of women and girls who are poor is referred to as c. determined by the needs of society. The boy code refers to Conflict theorists examine power disparities and struggles between various racial and ethnic groups. Traditional male gender socialization is linked to higher rates of Intersectionality, already explained earlier in this section, suggests that individuals are simultaneously members of many different, potentially competing or overlapping, identities including but not limited to race, gender, social class, national origin, religion, politics, and sexuality. d. all of these choices, 1. a. women and men should have equal rights and responsibilities. a. Britain. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? c. promote technology. Radical feminism is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? d. a female perceived to be dishonoring her family. Last year, the list contained a. Roman Catholic What is the term for jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by d. with high concentrations of females, low pay, and low prestige. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. Finally, critical race theorists pose a variety of social reforms. d. the elderly, 1. 1. a. the idea that women can achieve as much success as men if they work hard enough. c. gaining access to birth control and abortion. Globally, women made up______ percent of the total work force in 2012. b. a male perceived to be dishonoring his family. Legal. To restore the societys pre-disturbed state or to seek a new equilibrium, the police department and various parts of the system require changes and compensatory adjustments. a. is antifeminist. Our identities are formed by dozens of factors, sometimes represented in intersection wheels. c. women tend to choose traditionally female jobs. Blumer, Herbert. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. and you must attribute OpenStax. d. motor vehicle accidents. For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. c. little encouragement to follow STEM pursuits. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. Culture of prejudice refers to the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. "The system applauds affording equality of opportunity but resists programs that assure equality of results" (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 23). Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are d. double jeopardy. According to Goffman, during an interaction, individuals will attempt to control the behavior of the other participants, in order to attain needed information, and in order to control the perception of ones own image. d. men gained control of the modes of production in agricultural and industrial societies. c. Taxable income Income tax rate. b. day care facilities. d. gender deviance hypothesis, 1. c. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries. b. androgyny. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. 1._____________ refers to the blending of traditionally defined masculine and feminine characteristics. This is consistent with. b. All of the following are true in the U.S. The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole. Erving Goffman, one of the forefathers of this theoretical perspective, emphasized the importance of control in social interactions. c. instrumental 1865 According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": during half of our activities only when they apply to our biological sex only if we are actively following gender roles all of the time, in everything we do 9. b. d. 98 percent, 1. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. a. number of female-headed households. c. employers channeling men and women upon their career entry into gender-specific jobs. This tenet can help to understand how the experiences of Black women and Latinas, for example, may vary if they are upper class and lesbian versus if they are working class and heterosexual. c. Husbands view their wives as property, which was acquired by marriage for the purpose of taking care of their children and household. In an effort to bolster representation of women in politics, Afghanistan has instituted If we pay attention to the multiplicity of social life, perhaps our institutions and arrangements will better address the problems that plague us (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 56). How does each contribute to who you are, and how would possible change alter your self-defined identity? Income before tax Income tax rate. d. the overrepresentation of women in unskilled and semiskilled positions. c. Symbolic interactionists This book uses the Your text argues that the type of career pursued by women is a "structured choice," which means The greatest success of early feminists was In the view of functionalism, racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have. a. religion a. Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) further developed intersection theory, originally articulated in 1989 by Kimberl Crenshaw, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes (Figure 11.4). a. In the United States, women have had to fight for, 1. This book uses the d. industrial. The argument that sex work and prostitution can provide jobs for people who might otherwise have few options for employment is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? Occupational sex segregation refers to which of the following? 1. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. a. have limited learning potential. a. feminization of poverty. For example, social justice policies (e.g. d. hard workers. d. Postmodernists, 1. 1. 11.3: Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification, { "11.3A:_The_Functionalist_Perspective" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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