WebQuestion: 1)The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake a)Produced little damage because most of the areas affected were built on bedrock b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill c. Was produced by a normal fault d.Was produced by a reverse fault 2 )A _____ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause significant property damage. Earthquakes currently cannot be predicted, but scientists can estimate how strongly the grou. Can you feel an earthquake if you're in a cave? Los Alt (1) Photo Gallery 4", National Association of Railroad Passengers, "Bay Area / Revived push for water-transit network / Emergency system seen as necessary after a big quake", ABC 1989 World Series Game 3 Earthquake YouTube, 10-17-1989 San Francisco Earthquake First Minutes (KGO TV) YouTube, "Earthquake Readiness: How the San Franciso [sic] 1989 Quake Shook Awareness", KTVU comes back on-air after 1989 earthquake, "The Bay Area Quake: Pressure Points: What Worked, What Didn't, What Didn't, And Why: Nimitz Freeway: Collapse of Deck Puts Spotlight on Aging Roads", "FULL EPISODE: Loma Prieta Earthquake, 30 Years Later", "Geologic and historical factors affecting earthquake damage", "Aftershocks of the Loma Prieta earthquake and their tectonic implications", State of California, Office of Planning and Research, "Observations of multiple liquefaction events at Soda Lake, California, during the earthquake and its aftershocks", "October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake United States Geological Survey", "The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake Selected Photograph United States Geological Survey", "Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989. 0000000953 00000 n Highway 17 was blocked for several weeks by a large slide and one person was killed by a rockfall along the coast. [68] Employees from Pacific Pipe drove heavy lift equipment to the scene and started using it to raise sections of fallen freeway enough to allow further rescue. Seismologists quickly determined that the epicenter of the October 17 earthquake was in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near a peak named Loma Prieta (in Spanish, dark hill). Here we look back at the Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1989 World Series: The Loma Prieta earthquake was on Oct. 17, 1989. [8][14], The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI (Strong). The field study was conducted from January 26 to February 3, 2010, and included investigations in Port-au-Prince and the heavily damag, Maps showing the probability of surface manifestations of liquefaction in the northern Santa Clara Valley were prepared with liquefaction probability curves. Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series, the annual championship series of Major League Baseball, taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake", with the championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". along the Pacific Rim, d.Rise of magma along transform boundaries, 1)b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988 and again in August 1989. After the shaking subsided, many of the players on both teams immediately searched for, and gathered, family and friends from the stands before evacuating the facility.[99]. [99], It is likely that the World Series game saved many lives, as Bay Area residents who would have normally been on the freeways were at home ready to watch the game when the earthquake hit. [43][44] KCBS-AM (CBS News Radio) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. 0000001710 00000 n 1)The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Other areas with certain soil conditions were susceptible to site amplification due to the effects of liquefaction, especially near the shore of San Francisco Bay (where its effects were severe in the Marina District) and to the west of the epicenter near rivers and other bodies of water. From the Archives: ABC7's Peabody Award winning coverage of 1989 Loma Prieta 2 )A __________ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause [76], Immediately after the earthquake, Bay Area airports were closed so officials could conduct a visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. Oral History: WebIf the Loma Prieta (M 6.9) trace looks smaller, it is because the 1906 (M 7.9) earthquake released approximately 16 times more energy: Because we have much more extensive information about the ground motion that accompanied the 1989 earthquake, we can work backwards and infer what the ground motions must have been like in 1906. The added elements were longitudinal restraints at transverse expansion joints in the box girder spans, but no studies were made of possible failure modes specific to the Cypress Viaduct. [35] At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. How does the USGS tell the difference between an earthquake and a sonic boom? [63] Many residents slept outside their homes out of concern for further damage from aftershocks, of which there were 51 with magnitudes greater than 3.0 in the following 24 hours, and 16 more the second day. Hawaiian Islands, c. Magma extruded from rift valleys which are developing James O. Berkland (July 31, 1930 July 22, 2016) was an American geologist [1] who controversially claimed to be able to predict earthquakes, including the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and 1994 Northridge Earthquake [2] and who popularized the idea that some people are earthquake sensitive. It isn't that simple. Unlike other nearby (high gain) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by the large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity. [9], Gregory Beroza, a seismologist with Stanford University, made several distinctions regarding the 1906 and 1989 events. a broadband seismometer and a strong-motion instrument in order to [59] The civilians who were helpful initially, were soon viewed by police and fire officials as a hindrance to operations, with frantic coworkers and friends of a coffee house employee thought to be trapped under the rubble continuing their efforts in the dark. Cars on the upper deck were tossed around violently, some of them flipped sideways and some of them were left dangling at the edge of the freeway. As many as six teams of dogs and their handlers were at work identifying the large number of damaged buildings that held no victims. [75] In the meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980, causing increased congestion. Also in Los Gatos, one man died when he fell or jumped through a window and impacted the ground five stories below. 60 members of Oakland's Public Works Agency left the nearby city yard and joined rescue efforts. The last 'Big One' to hit the Bay Area occurred in 1989, with the Loma Prieta #earthquake. San Francisco Earthquake History 19901994. Significant earthquakes that have been accompanied by surface fault rupture and/or soil liquefaction occurred in this region in 1892 (M7.1), 1915 (M6.3; M7.1), 1930 (M5.7), 1940 (M6.9, The U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating scientists have recently assessed the effects of a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Tacoma Fault Zone in Pierce County, Washington. some of the seismometers displayed non-linear effects from the strong [54][55] The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that included ground-floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building. Image of collapsed Cypress freeway structure in, USGS ShakeMaps showing similar intensity patterns for the June 1988 (left) and August 1989 events near, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake, Todd Kennedy Hitting the American Highway: The Ontology of the Hobo-hero 2007 "she also utilizes, 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Faulting or slumping", "Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake", "The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Faulting or slumping? $E}kyhyRm333: }=#ve from these recordings. [71] Because of new highway structure design guidelines the requirement of ductile construction elements instituted following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, a limited degree of earthquake reinforcement was retrofitted to the Cypress Viaduct in 1977. It is a rough estimate that thousands of people may have otherwise been on the Cypress Structure during the 5:00pm rush-hour, as the structure was said to have carried 195,000 vehicles a day.[101]. [80] Cable cars and electric trains and buses were stalled in place half of Muni's transport capability was lost for 12 hours. We are still, as we can tell, on the air, and I guess you are hearing us, even though we have no picture and no return audio, and we will be back, we hope, from San Francisco, in just a moment. [62] In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing, a number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. [95] ABC then switched to episodes of Roseanne and The Wonder Years, which were on standby for a rain delay situation, while attempting to restore electricity to its remote equipment. Just as there are safer and less safe places to be on the surface of the earth during an earthquake, there are also various characteristics inside caves that make some cave locations safer or less safe than others. Explains that earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.7 or higher cause mass destruction and cause injuries and even deaths. There is not one magnitude above which damage will occur. The advisories following the two Lake Elsman events were issued in part because of the statements made by WGCEP and because they were two of the three largest shocks to occur along the 1906 earthquake's rupture zone since 1914. The shaking will feel violent and it will be difficult to stand up. The initial media reports failed to take into account the game's effect on traffic and initially estimated the death toll at 300, a number that was corrected to 63 in the days after the earthquake. Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. Television viewers saw the video signal begin to break up, heard McCarver repeat a sentence as the shaking distracted him, and heard McCarver's colleague Al Michaels exclaim, "I'll tell you what, we're having an earth . endstream endobj 51 0 obj <>/Font 54 0 R/ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]/XObject 55 0 R>>/Type /Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [/CalGray <>] endobj 53 0 obj [/ICCBased 60 0 R] endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <> endobj 56 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj 58 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> stream It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. [41] About an hour and 40 minutes after the quake, Fox affiliate KTVU resumed broadcasting, with their news anchors, Dennis Richmond and Elaine Corral reporting from the station's parking lot. CBS News also began coverage around that same time with coverage from its San Francisco affiliate KPIX-TV. Loma Prieta (the peak just right of center) and other nearby peaks are festooned with television broadcast towers and other communication towers, serving the Santa Clara Valley. [9], While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) farther to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (Violent). [26][27], After the earthquake occurred, a group led by Antony C. Fraser-Smith of Stanford University reported that the event was preceded by disturbances in background magnetic field noise as measured by a sensor placed in Corralitos, about 4.5 miles (7km) from the epicenter. built on bedrock Roughly half of the land the Cypress Viaduct was built on filled marshland and half on somewhat more stable alluvium. 3R `j[~ : w! Signed a $1.1 billion relief package for California. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. Caltrans has since received widespread backlash for not thoroughly studying the structure. Although the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake was named for this mountain, the actual epicenter was five miles southwest of the peak, across the San Andreas fault, in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park. Here are two example seismograms The first is that the geometry of the San Andreas Fault goes through a transition every several thousand years. Ten Years After: First in a week-long retrospective of the Loma Prieta quake", "Claim Settled in the Only Quake Death, Injury on Bay Bridge", "25 Years Since Loma Prieta: Santa Cruz Journalist Has Photographic Memories of 1989 Quake", "89 quake: Wake-up call for Bay Area buildings", "Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Measurements Near the Epicenter of the M, "Loma Prieta Earthquake: 15 years later. October 17 marks the 33-year anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that jolted the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989. 6 of 239 7 of 239 In this photo taken Oct. 17, 1989, a pick up truck sits on the Cypress freeway in Oakland, Calif., after it collapsed during the Loma Prieta earthquake. KNBR began using an emergency generator, hooking up the signal from a command center right after their nearby studio was severely shaken during the quake, when most of the KNBR staff were at Candlestick for the World Series. They got water from the bay area to put out fires because all water hydrants weren't working. 0000001156 00000 n Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks. [35] Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in the Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. [47], Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. [37] In Moss Landing, the liquefaction destroyed the causeway that carried the Moss Beach access road across a tidewater basin, damaged the approach and abutment of the bridge linking Moss Landing spit to the mainland and cracked the paved road on Paul's Island. ", "Forecasts of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake", "Main-shock and very early aftershock activity", "1 Dead as 5.1 Quake Jolts Bay Area: Man, 19, Leaps to Death in Panic; Damage Minor", "Near-source modeling of the Loma Prieta earthquake: Evidence for heterogeneous slip and implications for earthquake hazard", "Broadband study of the source characteristics of the earthquake", "Profile of mortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner and medical examiner reports", "Out of the Rubble. Cooperative Institute for Deep Earth Research (CIDER), Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), One month of seismicity following the Loma Prieta mainshock, Background seismicity for the Loma Prieta region, Monthly and annual seismicity for the Loma Prieta region, 16 km ( 10 miles) ENE ( 61 degrees) of Santa Cruz, CA, 22 km ( 13 miles) WSW ( 244 degrees) of Morgan Hill, CA, 34 km ( 21 miles) S ( 177 degrees) of San Jose, CA, 47 km ( 29 miles) N ( 5 degrees) of Monterey, CA, 71 km ( 44 miles) S ( 188 degrees) of Livermore, CA, 91 km ( 57 miles) SSE ( 158 degrees) of Oakland, CA, 95 km ( 59 miles) SSE ( 150 degrees) of San Francisco, CA, 100 km ( 62 miles) SSE ( 159 degrees) of Berkeley, CA. No seismic structure analysis was carried out Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. [50], The worst disaster of the earthquake was the collapse of the double-deck Cypress Street Viaduct of Interstate 880 in West Oakland. 0000001805 00000 n Experts say many more people would have died had it not been for the 1989 World Series. That being said, damage does not usually occur until the earthquake magnitude reaches somewhere above 4 or 5. There is more damage and more deaths from earthquakes in other parts of the world primarily because of buildings which are poorly designed and constructed for earthquake regions, and population density. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Image of collapsed double-decker freeway structure in Oakland, California, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHousner1990 (, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake&oldid=8308934, Natural disasters in the San Francisco Bay Area, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The Mayor of San Francisco, Art Agnos, later came on the air and provided an update on the earthquake.[46]. When the quake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. These features include dikes, craters, vented sand, sills, and laterally spreading landslides. Liquefaction occurring beneath buildings and other structures can cause major damage during earthquakes. Total displacement for these shocks was relatively small (approximately 4in (100mm) of strike-slip and substantially less reverse-slip) and although they occurred on separate faults and well before the mainshock, a group of seismologists considered these to be foreshocks because of when and where they occurred relative to the main event. Forty-two people were crushed to death in their cars. San Francisco Earthquake History 19151989. Game 3 of the series was scheduled to begin at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17 at 5:35 PDT, and American TV network ABC began its pre-game show at 5:00 PDT. This became a political issue in the following days. [74], Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 so that it would comply with safety and reinforcement standards. [22], The Marina district was built on a landfill made of a mixture of sand, dirt, rubble, waste, and other materials containing a high percentage of groundwater. [50], To assist with transportation during Bay Bridge repairs, Bay Area Rapid Transit ran 24-hour service in the Transbay Tube between the date of the earthquake and December 3 that same year. How much did they receive from the government in aid? [39], Following the quake, an estimated 1.4 million people experienced power losses that were mainly due to damaged electrical substations. The ground was unconsolidated rock, so seismic waves got through easier, causing more disruption. Heh! An updated forecast was presented in 1988, at which time Lindh took the opportunity to assign a new name to the San Juan Bautista segment the Loma Prieta segment. [48] Among the four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment. From this site he discovered three new comets that bear his name, including Periodic Comet Machholz 1 96P/Machholz on May 12, 1986. Limited phone service remained online, providing a crucial link to rescue workers. Local History. Highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California, For the 1989 earthquake that affected the San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay regions, see, List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Exhumation history of the Sierra Azul Block of the Santa Cruz Mountains Revealed Using Low Temperature Thermochronology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loma_Prieta&oldid=1141161086, Mountains of Santa Clara County, California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox mountain with language parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 17:40. report remains one of the most frequently cited claims of a specific earthquake precursor; more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or,[29] even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction. A miscommunication made by emergency workers at Yerba Buena Island routed some drivers the wrong way; they were directed to the upper deck where they drove eastward toward the collapse site. However. An official website of the United States government. [37] For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. Helping with clean up and debris removal San Francisco Chronicle front page on Oct. 18, 1989, after the 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that shook San Francisco and the Bay Area along the San Andreas fault line. Several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 (the event and its aftershocks occurred within a recognized seismic gap) but the earthquake that transpired was not what had been anticipated. Th, Professional Paper 1551 describes the effects at the land surface caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake.
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